{"id":1930,"date":"2024-04-22T19:14:33","date_gmt":"2024-04-22T22:14:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/anibalsilveira.org\/?page_id=1930"},"modified":"2024-06-14T20:28:28","modified_gmt":"2024-06-14T23:28:28","slug":"gehirnpathologie","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/anibalsilveira.org\/fr\/gehirnpathologie\/","title":{"rendered":"Gehirnpathologie"},"content":{"rendered":"

PATOLOGIA CEREBRAL
KARL KLEIST<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


Comiss\u00e3o do CEPAS<\/sup><\/strong>1<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n


Apresenta\u00e7\u00e3o<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Essa monumental obra de Karl Kleist foi publicada em 1934 pela Von Johann Ambros\u00edus Barth, de Leipzig. O trabalho foi baseado no acompanhamento sistem\u00e1tico de centenas de pacientes feridos a bala na Primeira Guerra Mundial, cujos d\u00e9ficits funcionais foram descritos detalhadamente durante o monitoramento do processo evolutivo de cada paciente: posteriormente, por meio da aut\u00f3psia cerebral, ele documentou a les\u00e3o e foi, assim, capaz de localizar a fun\u00e7\u00e3o cerebral em cada caso, fazendo isso tamb\u00e9m com base na citoarquitetonia. Estabeleceu, dessa forma, uma primeira aproxima\u00e7\u00e3o do mapeamento das fun\u00e7\u00f5es corticais. Pelo fato desse conhecimento estar fundamentado no estudo sistem\u00e1tico de casos e no transcorrer de 17 anos de observa\u00e7\u00e3o, n\u00e3o concordamos com a caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o de \u201cmitologia cerebral\u201d dada, por Percival Bailey, a essa constru\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
Segundo informa\u00e7\u00e3o colhida, essa \u00fanica edi\u00e7\u00e3o foi queimada pelos nazistas restando apenas um volume na Biblioteca de Nova York, al\u00e9m de tr\u00eas volumes doados por Kleist ao psiquiatra brasileiro An\u00edbal Silveira. Desses tr\u00eas exemplares, um se encontra na Sala An\u00edbal Silveira do IPQHCFMUSP; o exemplar doado para a Biblioteca do Hospital Psiqui\u00e1trico Juqueri se queimou no inc\u00eandio que atingiu as suas depend\u00eancias em 2005 e n\u00e3o se conhece o paradeiro do exemplar doado por An\u00edbal Silveira ao psiquiatra No\u00eamio Weniger.
Kleist tinha uma postura cr\u00edtica das pol\u00edticas de eugenia e eutan\u00e1sia implementadas pelo nazismo. Inclusive, em suas publica\u00e7\u00f5es desse per\u00edodo, no campo da cl\u00ednica psiqui\u00e1trica, elaboradas com Karl Leonhard, redefiniu a caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o da esquizofrenia para minimizar ou evitar seu uso como pretexto para a eutan\u00e1sia. Tamb\u00e9m tinha uma postura de resist\u00eancia ao anti-semitismo: prosseguiu atendendo pacientes judeus e a contratar e trabalhar com colegas judeus. Como Diretor da Cl\u00ednica Neuropsiqui\u00e1trica de Frankfurt tinha sob a sua responsabilidade a inspe\u00e7\u00e3o dos hosp\u00edcios de Hesse-Nassau e Rheingau. Ap\u00f3s a ascens\u00e3o dos nazistas ao poder ele foi impedido dessa fun\u00e7\u00e3o de 1934 a 1938. Em 1938 foi autorizado a fazer uma fiscaliza\u00e7\u00e3o. Ele ficou chocado com as condi\u00e7\u00f5es indignas dos pacientes e expressou suas obje\u00e7\u00f5es em um relat\u00f3rio. Essas n\u00e3o foram bem recebidas, e ele foi proibido de visitar qualquer asilo at\u00e9 o final da era nazista.
O livro Gehirnpathologie, que foi doado pela fam\u00edlia de An\u00edbal Silveira, foi digitalizado e agora disponibilizamos nesta Se\u00e7\u00e3o. O original encontra-se na Sala An\u00edbal Silveira da Biblioteca do Instituto de Psiquiatria do Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (FMUSP).
Devido \u00e0 sua dimens\u00e3o, com mais de 1.400 p\u00e1ginas, foi necess\u00e1rio desmembrar o arquivo digitalizado do Gehirnpathologie em 3 partes: Parte 1 (1-643), Parte 2 (643-970), Parte 3 (970-1.411).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BRAIN PATHOLOGY
KARL KLEIST<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
CEPAS Commission<\/sup><\/strong>2<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Presentation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n
This monumental work by Karl Kleist was published in 1934 by Von Johann Ambros\u00edus Barth of Leipzig. The work was based on the systematic follow-up of several hundred patients wounded by bullets in the First World War, whose functional deficits were described in detail during their lifetime: subsequently, by means of brain autopsy, he documented the injury and was thus able to locate the brain function in each case, doing so also on the basis of cytoarchitectonic. In this way, it established a first approximation of the mapping of cortical functions. Because this knowledge is based on the systematic study of cases and on the course of 17 years of observation, we do not agree with the characterization of \"brain mythology\" given by Percival Bailey to this construction.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
According to information gathered, this single edition was burned by the Nazis, leaving only one volume in the New York Library, in addition to three volumes donated by Kleist to the brazilian psychiatrist An\u00edbal Silveira. Of these three copies, one is in the An\u00edbal Silveira Room of the IPQHCFMUSP; the copy donated to the Library of the Juqueri Psychiatric Hospital was burned in the fire that hit its premises in 2005 and the whereabouts of the copy donated by An\u00edbal Silveira to psychiatrist No\u00eamio Weniger are not known.
Kleist was critical of the eugenics and euthanasia policies implemented by the Nazis. In fact, in his publications of this period, in the field of clinical psychiatry, elaborated with Karl Leonhard, he redefined the characterization of schizophrenia in order to minimize or avoid its use as a pretext for euthanasia. He also had a stance of resistance to anti-Semitism: he continued to see Jewish patients and to hire and work with Jewish colleagues. As Director of the Frankfurt Neuropsychiatric Clinic, he was responsible for the inspection of the Hospices of Hesse-Nassau and Rheingau. After the rise of the Nazis to power, he was barred from this role from 1934 to 1938. In 1938 he was authorized to carry out an inspection. He was shocked by the undignified conditions of the patients and voiced his objections in a report. These were not well received, and he was forbidden to visit any asylum until the end of the Nazi era.
The Gehirnpathologie book, which was donated by An\u00edbal Silveira’s family, was digitalized and we make it available below. The original book is in the An\u00edbal Silveira Room of the Library of the Institute of Psychiatry of the Hospital das Cl\u00ednicas of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of S\u00e3o Paulo (FMUSP).
Due to its size, with more than 1,000 pages, it was necessary to break up the digitized archive of the Gehirnpathologie into 3 parts: Part 1 (1-643), Part 2 (643-970), Part 3 (970-1.411).<\/p>\n\n\n\n