{"id":2340,"date":"2024-06-11T19:11:01","date_gmt":"2024-06-11T22:11:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/anibalsilveira.org\/?page_id=2340"},"modified":"2024-06-11T19:11:01","modified_gmt":"2024-06-11T22:11:01","slug":"dynamics-of-mental-development-as-attended-by-brain-structures-maturation","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/anibalsilveira.org\/fr\/dynamics-of-mental-development-as-attended-by-brain-structures-maturation\/","title":{"rendered":"DYNAMICS OF MENTAL DEVELOPMENT AS ATTENDED BY BRAIN STRUCTURES MATURATION"},"content":{"rendered":"

DYNAMICS OF MENTAL DEVELOPMENT AS ATTENDED BY BRAIN STRUCTURES MATURATION<\/strong>1<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An\u00edbal Silveira
Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jundia\u00ed, SP, Brasil<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As every neurolinguist recognizes, intellectual processes develop almost explosively, so to way, during the first three years of life, what alo apllies to the affective life and ouvert behavior. However, this does not occur evenly at every phase of mental development. During shifts from birth through 12, some of the subjective functions prevail in the contact with outer world. In Regard to the affectivity sphere of personality, the instinctive functions regulating metabolism and personal needs are foremost characteristics of the infant behavior, wich do not exclude simultaneous working out of social feelings, sensu Comte\u2019s as na imperative of mental organization: otherwise, maturation of personality could not be understandable or even achieved. Since the first days the newborn starts submitting himself affectionately to the close persons, and finally feelings dominate steadly over instinctual drives, characterising mental normality. Since crawling age, information from the outer world stands as a determining fator. Thanks to the intervening notion of third dimension, the child displaces himself toward objects beyond his reach. Henceforth, sight prevails over touch as a source of information, response to the outside stimuli starts being delayed, activity obeys to deliberation Rather than to random incitations: experience is led by the sense of reality. In the domain of intelligence a similar ascending curve may be drawn from infancy toward adulthood; the subjective, magic-like pattern of contact with the surrounding world, that characterized the initial involvement with the environment, yields gradually to abstract thinking. Constructs get more and more subordinated to the material conveyed on by the sense organs and paths. Abstract operation of such material, necessarily turned in symbolization, alloys the generalized formulae needed for scientific reasoning or mental communication whatsoever. Such operational steps, intimately interwoven, presuppose the functional cooperation of cortical regions, wich in turn imply yheir disposition in neurophysiologic systems. Since Gall\u2019s discoveries and especially Comte\u2019s doctrine of human personality, they have undergone steady researches, proving their unavoidable reality: we mention Dusser de Barenne\u2019s strychnine neuronography2<\/a><\/sup> and more recently, histochemistry. On the Other hand, functional maturation of brain was already demonstrated by Flechsig\u2019s myelogenetic map3<\/a><\/sup>, which matches remarkably the functional specialization of cortical \u00e1reas. However, his Figures 1 e 2 do not fit exactly to his boundaries within territories 1 e 11. As Plate\u00a0 1 of his 1927 volume still fails on that, we have drawn another chart, Figure 1 here, giving the real set up. Functional settlements of the c\u00f3rtex compared to the myelination order of the Fields, especially after our redrawing, coincide exactly. Neurolinguistic studies4<\/a><\/sup> also give comparable results, eventhough not covering all of the human frontal lobe functions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

International Meeting
A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO BRAIN DEVELOPMENT<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selva di Fasano, Brindisi, Italy \u2013 April 16-21 1979<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

ABSTRACT<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

DYNAMICS OF MENTAL DEVELOPMENT AS ATTENDED BY BRAIN STRUCTURES MATURATION<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An\u00edbal Silveira
Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jundia\u00ed, SP, Brasil<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Three landmarks signal mental development: social feelings over personal drives, overt behavior being led by reality sense, intellectual processes resulting in abstraction and communication. This presupposes maturation of discrete brain structures integrating neuronal systems, recognizable by neurophysiology and neurochemistry as well. Recent neurochemical studies substantiate these systems, while myelination of \u00e1reas and pathways showed their functioning raising from vegetative level level through motor development and mental coordination (slide 1), also in parallel to the cortical and brain evolution (2). Flechsig\u2019s myelogenesis is still cogente (3), and we revised his charts using his own descriptions (4-7), delineating more precisely his projection and association \u00e1reas. We do not\u00a0 interpret the former as \u201csensory centers\u201d, but as terminal at cortico-cortical systems, wich display a sorto of hierarchy (8): their integrated informations shift in importance as for reality meaning, during the psychological maturation (9). Cortical stimulation by means of local strychnine tecnique (10-12) evidences such systems. Another process of maturation is shown in Vogt\u2019s myeloarchitectonics, giving finer differentiation to Brodmann\u2019s map (13). Cortical \u00e1reas considered in neurolinguistics perform only part of the intellectual processes, that involve concrete and abstract observation, inductive and deductive thinking, mimic, verbal or Graphic communication, or symbolization (14). Such functions depend on frontal c\u00f3rtex but their regulation comes from posterior ones, as \u00a0 was shown by Kleist (15).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

DIN\u00c2MICA DO DESENVOLVIMENTO MENTAL CONDICIONADA COM A MATURA\u00c7\u00c3O DE ESTRUTURAS CEREBRAIS<\/strong>5<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An\u00edbal Silveira
Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Jundia\u00ed, SP, Brazil<\/strong><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Como todo neurolinguista reconhece, os processos intelectuais se desenvolvem de forma quase explosiva, de modo que, durante os tr\u00eas primeiros anos de vida, o que tamb\u00e9m se aplica \u00e0 vida afetiva e ao comportamento subjetivo. No entanto, isso n\u00e3o ocorre uniformemente em todas as fases do desenvolvimento mental. Durante as fases desde o nascimento at\u00e9 os 12 anos de vida, algumas das fun\u00e7\u00f5es subjetivas prevalecem no contato com o mundo exterior. No que se refere \u00e0 esfera afetiva da personalidade, as fun\u00e7\u00f5es instintivas reguladoras do metabolismo e das necessidades pessoais s\u00e3o caracter\u00edsticas primordiais do comportamento infantil, que n\u00e3o excluem o trabalho simult\u00e2neo de sentimentos sociais, conforme a acep\u00e7\u00e3o de Comte, como um imperativo da organiza\u00e7\u00e3o mental: caso contr\u00e1rio, o amadurecimento da personalidade n\u00e3o poderia ser compreens\u00edvel ou mesmo alcan\u00e7ado. Desde os primeiros dias o rec\u00e9m-nascido come\u00e7a a submeter-se afetivamente \u00e0s pessoas pr\u00f3ximas e, finalmente, os sentimentos dominam firmemente as puls\u00f5es instintivas, caracterizando a normalidade mental. Desde a idade do engatinhando, as informa\u00e7\u00f5es do mundo exterior s\u00e3o determinantes. Gra\u00e7as \u00e0 no\u00e7\u00e3o de terceira dimens\u00e3o, a crian\u00e7a desloca-se em dire\u00e7\u00e3o aos objetos fora de seu alcance. Doravante, a vis\u00e3o prevalece sobre o tato como fonte de informa\u00e7\u00e3o, a resposta aos est\u00edmulos externos come\u00e7a a ser retardada, a atividade obedece \u00e0 delibera\u00e7\u00e3o e n\u00e3o a incita\u00e7\u00f5es aleat\u00f3rias: a experi\u00eancia \u00e9 conduzida pelo senso de realidade. No dom\u00ednio da intelig\u00eancia, uma curva ascendente semelhante pode ser tra\u00e7ada desde a inf\u00e2ncia at\u00e9 a idade adulta; O padr\u00e3o subjetivo, m\u00e1gico de contato com o mundo circundante, que caracterizava o envolvimento inicial com o ambiente, cede gradualmente ao pensamento abstrato. As constru\u00e7\u00f5es ficam cada vez mais subordinadas ao material transmitido pelos \u00f3rg\u00e3os e vias sensoriais. A an\u00e1lise abstrata de tal material, necessariamente transformada em simboliza\u00e7\u00e3o, estabelece o processo de generaliza\u00e7\u00e3o, necess\u00e1rio para o racioc\u00ednio cient\u00edfico ou a comunica\u00e7\u00e3o mental. Tais etapas operacionais, intimamente entrela\u00e7adas, pressup\u00f5em a coopera\u00e7\u00e3o funcional das regi\u00f5es corticais, que por sua vez implicam disposi\u00e7\u00e3o nos sistemas neurofisiol\u00f3gicos. Desde as descobertas de Gall e, especialmente, a doutrina da personalidade humana de Comte, elas passaram por constantes pesquisas que comprovaram a sua sua realidade: citamos a neuronografia utilizando a estricnina de Dusser de Barenne6<\/a><\/sup> e, mais recentemente, a histoqu\u00edmica. Por outro lado, a matura\u00e7\u00e3o funcional do c\u00e9rebro j\u00e1 foi demonstrada pelo mapa mielogen\u00e9tico de Flechsig7<\/a><\/sup>, que coincide notavelmente com a especializa\u00e7\u00e3o funcional das \u00e1reas corticais. No entanto, suas Figuras 1 e 2 n\u00e3o se encaixam exatamente em seus limites dentro dos territ\u00f3rios 1 e 11. Como a Figura 1 de seu volume de 1927 ainda falha nisso, desenhamos outro gr\u00e1fico, a Figura 1 aqui, dando a configura\u00e7\u00e3o real. Os assentamentos funcionais do c\u00f3rtex comparados \u00e0 ordem de mieliniza\u00e7\u00e3o dos campos, especialmente ap\u00f3s nosso redesenho, coincidem exatamente. Estudos neuro lingu\u00edsticos8<\/a><\/sup> tamb\u00e9m fornecem resultados compar\u00e1veis, mesmo que n\u00e3o abranjam todas as fun\u00e7\u00f5es do lobo frontal humano.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Encontro Internacional
UMA ABORDAGEM MULTIDISCIPLINAR SOBRE O DESENVOLVIMENTO CEREBRAL<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Selva di Fasano, Brindisi, It\u00e1lia \u2013 16 a 21 de abril de 1979<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

RESUMO<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

DIN\u00c2MICA DO DESENVOLVIMENTO MENTAL CONDICIONADA PELA MATURA\u00c7\u00c3O DAS ESTRUTURAS CEREBRAIS<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An\u00edbal Silveira
Departamento de Psiquiatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Jundia\u00ed, SP<\/sup><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00eas marcos sinalizam o desenvolvimento mental: sentimentos sociais prevalecendo sobre impulsos pessoais, comportamento sendo conduzido pelo senso de realidade, processos intelectuais resultando em abstra\u00e7\u00e3o e comunica\u00e7\u00e3o. Isso pressup\u00f5e a matura\u00e7\u00e3o de determinadas estruturas cerebrais que integram sistemas neuronais, reconhec\u00edveis tamb\u00e9m pela neurofisiologia e neuroqu\u00edmica. Estudos neuroqu\u00edmicos recentes comprovam esses sistemas, enquanto o estudo da mieliniza\u00e7\u00e3o de \u00e1reas e vias mostrou seu funcionamento elevando-se do n\u00edvel vegetativo at\u00e9 o desenvolvimento motor e coordena\u00e7\u00e3o mental (slide 1), tamb\u00e9m em paralelo \u00e0 evolu\u00e7\u00e3o cortical e cerebral (2). A mielog\u00eanese de Flechsig ainda \u00e9 convincente (3), e revisamos seus gr\u00e1ficos utilizando suas pr\u00f3prias descri\u00e7\u00f5es (4-7), delineando mais precisamente suas \u00e1reas de proje\u00e7\u00e3o e associa\u00e7\u00e3o. N\u00e3o interpretamos os primeiros como “centros sensoriais”, mas como terminais em sistemas c\u00f3rtico-corticais, que exibem uma hierarquia (8): suas informa\u00e7\u00f5es integradas mudam de import\u00e2ncia quanto ao significado da realidade, durante a matura\u00e7\u00e3o psicol\u00f3gica (9). A estimula\u00e7\u00e3o cortical por meio da t\u00e9cnica local de estricnina (10-12) evidencia tais sistemas. Outro processo de matura\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 mostrado na mieloarquitetura de Vogt, dando diferencia\u00e7\u00e3o mais fina ao mapa de Brodmann (13). As \u00e1reas corticais consideradas em neurolingu\u00edstica realizam apenas parte dos processos intelectuais, que envolvem observa\u00e7\u00e3o concreta e abstrata, pensamento indutivo e dedutivo, comunica\u00e7\u00e3o m\u00edmica, verbal ou gr\u00e1fica, ou simboliza\u00e7\u00e3o (14). Tais fun\u00e7\u00f5es dependem do c\u00f3rtex frontal, mas sua regula\u00e7\u00e3o prov\u00e9m das \u00e1reas posteriores, como demonstrado por Kleist (15).<\/p>\n\n\n

  1. Poster in session on\u00a0 International Meeting: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO BRAIN DEVELOPMENT,
    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Selva di Fasano, Brindisi, Italy, April de 1979.     \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  2. Bailey, P. et al (1944) J. Neurophyiol. 7: 51-56. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  3. Flechsig, P. (1920) Anatomie des menschlichen Gehirns und Rueckenmarks, Thieme, Leipzig,\u00a0 pp.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a01-121.     \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  4. Whitaker, H. and Whitaker, H.A. eds. (1976) Studies in Neurolinguistics, 3 vols. Acad. Press,New York \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  5. P\u00f4ster em Encontro Internacional: UMA ABORDAGEM MULTIDISCIPLINAR PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO CEREBRAL, Selva di Fasano, Brindisi, It\u00e1lia, abril de 1979. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  6. Bailey, P. et al (1944) J. Neurophyiol. 7: 51-56 \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  7. Flechsig, P. (1920) Anatomia do c\u00e9rebro humano e da medula espinhal, Thieme, Leipzig, pp. 1-121. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li>
  8. Whitaker, H. e Whitaker, H.A. eds. (1976) Studies in Neurolinguistics, 3 vols. \u21a9\ufe0e<\/a><\/li><\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    DYNAMICS OF MENTAL DEVELOPMENT AS ATTENDED BY BRAIN STRUCTURES MATURATION An\u00edbal SilveiraPsychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Jundia\u00ed, SP, Brasil As every neurolinguist recognizes, intellectual processes develop almost explosively, so to way, during the first three years of life, what alo apllies to the affective life and ouvert behavior. However, this does not occur evenly at […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":"[{\"content\":\"Poster in session on\u00a0 International Meeting: A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO BRAIN DEVELOPMENT,
    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Selva di Fasano, Brindisi, Italy, April de 1979.\",\"id\":\"9af80324-ee34-4cf3-bd2d-690211514769\"},{\"content\":\"Bailey, P. et al (1944) J. Neurophyiol. 7: 51-56.\",\"id\":\"fd3b8449-5518-492d-9802-a637658574b5\"},{\"content\":\"Flechsig, P. (1920) Anatomie des menschlichen Gehirns und Rueckenmarks, Thieme, Leipzig,\u00a0 pp.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0
    \u00a0\u00a0\u00a01-121.\",\"id\":\"d62360e4-17ca-41e7-9ce4-19270c7a8de8\"},{\"content\":\"Whitaker, H. and Whitaker, H.A. eds. (1976) Studies in Neurolinguistics, 3 vols. Acad. Press,New York\",\"id\":\"863217cf-8f8f-44cb-8c82-f5b0aae6b367\"},{\"content\":\"P\u00f4ster em Encontro Internacional: UMA ABORDAGEM MULTIDISCIPLINAR PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO CEREBRAL, Selva di Fasano, Brindisi, It\u00e1lia, abril de 1979.\",\"id\":\"5b23bf4e-8f3a-4cbc-be00-b45320480ceb\"},{\"content\":\"Bailey, P. et al (1944) J. Neurophyiol. 7: 51-56\",\"id\":\"34e8275b-fdc5-48fd-95d3-ff14ab85e516\"},{\"content\":\"Flechsig, P. (1920) Anatomia do c\u00e9rebro humano e da medula espinhal, Thieme, Leipzig, pp. 1-121.\",\"id\":\"98c99845-778a-412a-83ff-fcc4cd34813e\"},{\"content\":\"Whitaker, H. e Whitaker, H.A. eds. (1976) Studies in Neurolinguistics, 3 vols.\",\"id\":\"2ae1d82d-9ed1-4f19-88cb-87b06a383b7e\"}]"},"categories":[],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2340","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/anibalsilveira.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2340","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/anibalsilveira.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/anibalsilveira.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anibalsilveira.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anibalsilveira.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2340"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/anibalsilveira.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2340\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2344,"href":"https:\/\/anibalsilveira.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2340\/revisions\/2344"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/anibalsilveira.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2340"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anibalsilveira.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2340"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/anibalsilveira.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2340"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}